據最近進行的一項調查顯示，孕婦食用低脂乳酪會增加兒童患上哮喘和過敏性鼻炎（花粉症）的風險。這有可能與低脂乳製品較低的脂肪酸含量有關。這項研究是由哈佛大學公共衛生學院的科學家於丹麥進行。他們追蹤這些兒童，直至他們七歲。研究人員得出結論：兒童哮喘與懷孕期間食用乳製品的習慣無關。而兒童哮喘的風險增加，可能是由多種原因造成的。研究人員將進一步調查哮喘與某些營養素的關係，以及那些經常吃乳酪的人有沒有相似的生活和飲食模式。研究結果將於2011年9月在歐洲呼吸學會（ERS）年度大會上公佈。


除了食用乳製品，孕婦的飲食習慣也可能影響下一代的過敏症狀。在懷孕期間食用魚類，可產生保護作用，減少兒童哮喘、呼吸道及過敏性症狀。一項縱向研究指出，地中海飲食有減少持續氣喘發生的跡象。

兒童自身的飲食對哮喘症狀也有影響。一項在2003年出版，利用食物頻率問卷針對學前兒童的研究發現，經常食用含牛奶脂肪的產品與減低哮喘症狀的風險有關。那些在兩歲時每天飲用全脂奶及進食牛油的小童，在三歲時，會有較低的哮喘患病率。有關氣喘的患病率也出現類似的結果；那些食用乳製品和牛油的兒童患病率較低。而日常食用褐色麵包的也可減少哮喘和氣喘，而進食水果、蔬菜、植物牛油和魚類的習慣，則與哮喘無關。

有關哮喘之研究的規模、設計和研究方法各有不同。而這些研究結果都大致指出，脂肪酸對改善哮喘的有益作用。然而，迄今目前為止，仍未發展出具體的防治哮喘的飲食計劃。








Asthma has been thought to be an allergic reaction related to multiple factors for example, maternal and infant diet. Although many studies have investigated various factors on its occurrence and severity, no consensus was found so far.

According to a recent survey, eating low-fat yoghurt whilst pregnant can increase the risk of childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). In contrast, such symptoms were not linked to cow’s milk consumption. It could be due to a lower fatty acid contents in low-fat dairy products. This study was carried out by scientists from the Harvard School of Public Health on a Danish National Birth Cohort and these groups of children were followed up to 7 years of age.
The researchers concluded that there was not relationship between diary consumption during pregnancy and asthma in children. Increased risk of asthma in children might be caused by a number of reasons and they will further investigate whether this is linked to certain nutrients or whether people who ate yoghurt regularly had similar lifestyle and dietary patterns. These findings were to be presented in the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Annual Congress in September 2011.

Apart from dairy, maternal consumption of other food items could also impact on allergic symptoms in the offspring. During pregnancy, maternal consumption of fish was found protective against asthma, respiratory and atopic symptoms in children, according to a longitudinal study. In addition, a Mediterranean diet was appeared to be negatively associated with persistent wheeze in a previous study.



Children’s own diet can also effect on asthmatic symptoms. One study published in 2003 had investigated a group of pre-school children. It was found that frequent consumption of milk-fat containing products, assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire was associated with reduced risk of asthma symptoms. The prevalence of asthma at age 3 was lower in children who consumed (at age 2) full cream milk and butter on a daily basis respectively, than in those who did not. Similar results were found on the prevalence of wheeze: lower in children who consumed milk products and butter respectively than in those who did not. Daily consumption of brown bread was also associated with lower rates of asthma and wheeze, whereas no associations were observed with the consumption of fruits, vegetables, margarine, and fish.

In spite of the different size, design and methods of studies, these findings generally pointed to a beneficial effect of fatty acids. Nevertheless, to date, a concrete diet plan for asthma prevention is lacking.


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